Menopause

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Menopause & Functional Medicine

Menopause A personalized approach for every stage

From perimenopause to postmenopause—manage hot flashes through bone health with a scientific, personalized plan.

Appointment Request What is menopause?
Women’s health during menopause
Functional Approach Personalized menopause care

Content guide

Menopause articles

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Essentials

What is menopause? Stages and process

Menopause is the permanent end of menstrual bleeding as the ovaries reduce estrogen production. In Turkey the average age is 48–49; it varies with genetics, health, and lifestyle.

Menopause is not a single moment but a three-stage process. Each stage has its own symptoms, risks, and management approach.

  1. 38–50

    Perimenopause Transition period

    Estrogen levels fluctuate and cycles become irregular; hot flashes may occur. This period can last 4–10 years.

  2. 47–53

    Menopause 12 months without a period

    Twelve consecutive months without a period defines menopause.

  3. 50+

    Postmenopause After menopause

    This is the life stage after menopause. Osteoporosis and cardiovascular risk increase; long-term follow-up matters.

Symptoms

What are menopause symptoms?

Symptoms vary widely. If you experience several of the following, an expert evaluation is recommended.

  • Hot flashes
  • Night sweats
  • Sleep problems
  • Mood changes
  • Vaginal dryness
  • Palpitations
  • Joint and muscle pain
  • Forgetfulness
  • Weight gain
  • Hair loss
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Low libido

Treatment options

Menopause treatment: which option fits you?

One method does not fit everyone. A plan is built around age, health history, and symptom severity.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

High efficacy

A leading option for severe hot flashes, osteoporosis risk, and early menopause.

Local estrogen therapy

High efficacy

An effective, targeted approach for vaginal dryness, painful intercourse, and local symptoms.

Non-hormonal medication

Moderate efficacy

Alternative medicines for those who cannot or prefer not to use HRT.

Lifestyle changes

Moderate efficacy

Nutrition, movement, and stress management support milder symptoms.

Herbal and supplement support

Supportive

With medical approval, they may complement care for milder symptoms.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions about menopause

In Turkey menopause usually begins between 47 and 51. Before age 40 it is considered early menopause.

Current guidelines suggest that for suitable patients, started at the right time, benefits of HRT can outweigh risks. Plans are individualized.

Perimenopause lasts about 4–8 years on average; shorter or longer for some women.

Evaluation often includes FSH, LH, estradiol (E2), and AMH, interpreted alongside symptoms and examination findings.

Any bleeding after menopause must be evaluated. Polyps, fibroids, or more serious causes should be ruled out.

Local estrogen therapies and moisturizers can help. The right option is chosen after examination.